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How to use this Website?

This website is for medical and paramedical professionals working in the field of spinal cord injuries. It contains learning modules for the whole team as well as for doctors, nurses, physiotherapists, occupational therapists, assistive technologists, social workers, psychologists and peer counsellors. The modules are intended for medical and paramedical students and junior clinicians. Others who have yet not assimilated sufficient knowledge on comprehensive management.

Management of pediatric SCI

  1. Acute management of autonomic dysreflexia: adults with spinal cord injury presenting to health-care facilities. Consortium for spinal cord. The journal of spinal cord medicine 1997; 20: 284-308.
  2. Anderson PA, Rivara FP, Maier RV, Drake C. The epidemiology of seatbelt-associated injuries. The Journal of trauma 1991; 31: 60-67.
  3. Backe HA, Betz RR, Mesgarzadeh M, Beck T, Clancy M. Post-traumatic spinal cord cysts evaluated by magnetic resonance imaging. Paraplegia 1991; 29: 607-612.
  4. Beaunoyer M, St-Vil D, Lallier M, Blanchard H. Abdominal injuries associated with thoraco-lumbar fractures after motor vehicle collision. Journal of pediatric surgery 2001; 36: 760-762.
  5. Benjamin RW, Moats-Staats BM, Calikoglu's A, Savendahl L, Chrysis D. Hypercalcemia in children. Pediatric endocrinology reviews: PER 2008; 5: 778-784.
  6. Betz RR. Unique management needs of pediatric spinal cord injury patients: orthopedic problems in the child with spinal cord injury. The journal of spinal cord medicine 1997; 20: 14-16.
  7. Betz RR, Mulcahey MJ, Smith BT, Triolo RJ, McCarthy JJ. Implications of hip subluxation for FES-assisted mobility in patients with spinal cord injury. Orthopedics 2001; 24: 181-184.
  8. Betz RR, Beck T, Huss GK et al. Hip instability in children with spinal cord injury. J Am             Paraplegia Soc 1999; 17: 119.
  9. Cattell HS, Filtzer DL. Pseudosubluxation and other normal variations in the cervical spine in children. A study of one hundred and sixty children. The Journal of bone and joint surgery. American volume 1965; 47: 1295-1309.
  10. Dearolf WW, 3rd, Betz RR, Vogel LC, Levin J, Clancy M, Steel HH. Scoliosis in pediatric spinal cord-injured patients. Journal of pediatric orthopedics 1990; 10: 214-218.
  11. Deutsch H, Haid RW, Rodts GE, Mummaneni PV. Postlaminectomy cervical deformity. Neurosurgical focus 2003; 15: E5-E5.
  12. Dickman CA, Zabramski JM, Hadley MN, Rekate HL, Sonntag VK. Pediatric spinal cord injury without radiographic abnormalities: report of 26 cases and review of the literature. Journal of spinal disorders 1991; 4: 296-305.
  13. Felsberg GJ, Tien RD, Osumi AK, Cardenas CA. Utility of MR imaging in pediatric spinal cord injury. Pediatric radiology 1995; 25: 131-135.
  14. Garfin SR, Botte MJ, Centeno RS, Nickel VL. Osteology of the skull as it affects halo pin placement. Spine 1985; 10: 696-698.
  15. Garland DE. A clinical perspective on common forms of acquired heterotopic ossification. Clinical orthopaedics and related research 1991; 13-29.
  16. Garland DE. A clinical perspective on common forms of acquired heterotopic ossification. Clinical orthopaedics and related research 1991; 13-29.
  17. Garland DE, Shimoyama ST, Lugo C, Barras D, Gilgoff I. Spinal cord insults and heterotopic ossification in the pediatric population. Clinical orthopaedics and related research 1989; 303-310.
  18. Garrett JW, Braunstein PW. The seat belt syndrome. The Journal of trauma 1962; 2: 220-238.
  19. Grabb PA, Pang D. Magnetic resonance imaging in the evaluation of spinal cord injury without radiographic abnormality in children. Neurosurgery 1994; 35: 406-414; discussion 414-406-414; discussion 414.
  20. Herzenberg JE, Hensinger RN, Dedrick DK, Phillips WA. Emergency transport and positioning of young children who have an injury of the cervical spine. The standard backboard may be hazardous. The Journal of bone and joint surgery. American volume 1989; 71: 15-22.
  21. Hickey KJ, Vogel LC, Willis KM, Anderson CJ. Prevalence and etiology of autonomic dysreflexia in children with spinal cord injuries. The journal of spinal cord medicine 2004; 27 Suppl 1: S54-60-S54-60.
  22. Kedlaya D, Brandstater ME, Lee JK. Immobilization hypercalcemia in incomplete paraplegia: successful treatment with pamidronate. Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation 1998; 79: 222-225.
  23. Lancourt JE, Dickson JH, Carter RE. Paralytic spinal deformity following traumatic spinal-cord injury in children and adolescents. The Journal of bone and joint surgery. American volume 1981; 63: 47-53.
  24. Letts M, Kaylor D, Gouw G. A biomechanical analysis of halo fixation in children. The Journal of bone and joint surgery. British volume 1988; 70: 277-279.
  25. Lonstein JE. Post-laminectomy kyphosis. Clinical orthopaedics and related research 1977; 93-100.
  26. Maynard FM. Immobilization hypercalcemia following spinal cord injury. Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation 1986; 67: 41-44.
  27. Maynard FM. Immobilization hypercalcemia following spinal cord injury. Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation 1986; 67: 41-44.
  28. McCarthy JJ, Betz RR. Hip disorders in children who have spinal cord injury. The Orthopedic clinics of North America 2006; 37: 197-202, vi-vii-197-202, vi-vii.
  29. McGinnis KB, Vogel LC, McDonald CM, Porth S, Hickey KJ, Davis M et al. Recognition and management of autonomic dysreflexia in pediatric spinal cord injury. The journal of spinal cord medicine 2004; 27 Suppl 1: S61-74-S61-74.
  30. McCarthy JJ, Weibel B, Betz RR. Results of pelvic osteotomies for hip       subluxation or dislocation in children with spinal cord injury. Top Spinal       Cord   Inj Rehabil 2000; 6(Suppl):48–53.
  31. Mehta S, Betz RR, Mulcahey MJ, McDonald C, Vogel LC, Anderson C. Effect of bracing on paralytic scoliosis secondary to spinal cord injury. The journal of spinal cord medicine 2004; 27 Suppl 1: S88-92-S88-92.
  32. Mehta S, Betz RR, Mulcahey MJ, McDonald C, Vogel LC, Anderson C. Effect of bracing on paralytic scoliosis secondary to spinal cord injury. The journal of spinal cord medicine 2004; 27 Suppl 1: S88-92-S88-92.
  33. Mubarak SJ, Camp JF, Vuletich W, Wenger DR, Garfin SR. Halo application in the infant. Journal of pediatric orthopedics 1989; 9: 612-614.
  34. Osenbach RK, Menezes AH. Spinal cord injury without radiographic abnormality in children. Pediatric neuroscience 1989; 15: 168-174; discussion 175-168-174; discussion 175.
  35. Pang D, Wilberger JE, Jr. Spinal cord injury without radiographic abnormalities in children. Journal of neurosurgery 1982; 57: 114-129.
  36. Papavasiliou A, Stanton J, Sinha P, Forder J, Skyrme A. The complexity of seat belt injuries including spinal injury in the pediatric population: a case report of a 6-year-old boy and the literature review. European journal of emergency medicine: official journal of the European Society for Emergency Medicine 2007; 14: 180-183.
  37. Pierre-Jacques H, Betz RR, Berman AT, Clancy M. Hip instability in children with             spinal cord    injuries. American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons annual meeting, Orlando, Florida,      February 1995.
  38. Rink P, Miller F. Hip instability in spinal cord injury patients. Journal of pediatric orthopedics 1990; 10: 583-587.
  39. Schottler J, Vogel L, Chafetz R, Mulcahey MJ. Patient and caregiver knowledge of autonomic dysreflexia among youth with spinal cord injury. Spinal cord 2009; 47: 681-686.
  40. Silverman SL, Hurvitz EA, Nelson VS, Chiodo A. Rachitic syndrome after disodium etidronate therapy in an adolescent. Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation 1994; 75: 118-120.
  41. Sim FH, Svien HJ, Bickel WH, Janes JM. Swan-neck deformity following extensive cervical laminectomy. A review of twenty-one cases. The Journal of bone and joint surgery. American volume 1974; 56: 564-580.
  42. Simon SL, Auerbach JD, Garg S, Sutton LN, Telfeian AE, Dormans JP. Efficacy of spinal instrumentation and fusion in the prevention of postlaminectomy spinal deformity in children with intramedullary spinal cord tumors. Journal of pediatric orthopedics 2008; 28: 244-249.
  43. Swischuk LE. Anterior displacement of C2 in children: physiologic or pathologic. Radiology 1977; 122: 759-763.
  44. Tori JA, Hill LL. Hypercalcemia in children with spinal cord injury. Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation 1978; 59: 443-446.
  45.  Vogel LC, Gogia RS, Lubicky JP. Hip abnormalities in children with spinal cord injuries. J Spinal Cord Med 1995; 18:172
  46. Vogel L, Mulcahy MJ, Betz RR. The child with a spinal cord injury. Developmental medicine and child neurology 1997; 39: 202-207.
  47. Wenger DR, Jeffcoat BT, Herring JA. The guarded prognosis of physeal injury in paraplegic children. The Journal of bone and joint surgery. American volume 1980; 62: 241-246.
  48. Yasuoka S, Peterson HA, MacCarty CS. Incidence of spinal column deformity after multilevel laminectomy in children and adults. Journal of neurosurgery 1982; 57: 441-445.